Modern industrial applications of knowledge graphs

Knowledge graphs have come a long way from a simple set of RDF triples to systems for acquiring new knowledge. While in previous years, the primary application of knowledge graphs used to be semantic search, nowadays, knowledge graphs are permeating all areas of modern industry. This paper presents a survey of new knowledge graph variants, such as virtual knowledge graphs, dynamic knowledge graphs, and executable knowledge graphs used in modern industrial applications, as well as their primary application: cognitive digital twins. The paper also briefly examines methods for constructing knowledge graphs using large language models and improving the performance of large language models through the use of knowledge graphs.